發(fā)布時間:2024年03月14日 | 來源:理論中國2024-03-13 | 字體放大 | 字體縮小
2023年10月8日,娜塔莉?貝納利在中央黨史和文獻研究院參加座談交流。
編者按:娜塔莉?貝納利(Natalie Benelli)博士是瑞士“新媒體”組織聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、《新北方》雜志主編,同時也擔任紐約“女性媒體”組織駐歐洲記者。2023年10月,貝納利博士隨瑞士友好人士考察團訪華,期間到訪中共中央黨史和文獻研究院,就中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗,特別是中國式現(xiàn)代化等問題進行座談交流,“理論中國”公眾號曾作專題報道。中國之行后,貝納利博士基于親身經(jīng)歷和第一手資料,以“我所看到的中國”為題撰文,介紹她在中國的所見所聞,發(fā)表在“女性媒體”組織《集體事業(yè)》雜志,并專門將文章寄送給“理論中國”通訊員。在文章中,貝納利博士坦言“百聞不如一見”,她所看到的現(xiàn)代化和快速發(fā)展的中國與西方一些媒體的報道“明顯不同”。貝納利博士以外國人視角描述中國經(jīng)濟社會文化發(fā)展,具有一定的典型性,經(jīng)作者同意,“理論中國”特將其文章編譯如下,以饗讀者。
我所看到的中國
娜塔莉?貝納利(博士)
2023年10月,我來到中國,首先訪問了首都北京,隨后訪問了上海、貴陽以及新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的烏魯木齊和喀什。我看到了一個現(xiàn)代化、進步和快速發(fā)展的國家,它在扶貧、環(huán)境保護以及欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展方面投入了大量資金。這與西方主流媒體的報道明顯不同。
中國14億人口中的大多數(shù)居住在發(fā)達的東部地區(qū),像北京和上海這樣的城市擁有 2,000 萬至 3,000 萬人口。與我訪問過的世界其他地區(qū)的城市不同,北京和上海并不混亂或嘈雜。這是因為街上電動車和自行車的比例很高。此外,北京和上海的街道兩旁都有大小不一的花壇、灌木叢和樹木,使城市變成了綠地,大大改善了空氣質(zhì)量。在過去十年中,全國有55.03億人次義務(wù)參加植樹,累計植樹216.86億株。中國政府還大力投資風能、水能和太陽能等非化石可再生能源。
通過擴大高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò),中國提高了人員和貨物的流動效率。以時速 350公里計算,乘坐高鐵從北京到上海只需不到4.5小時。中國的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展計劃也惠及中國的欠發(fā)達地區(qū),例如貴州省,該省擁有世界上最高的橋梁和最大的射電望遠鏡。
▲考察團一行在貴州參觀球面射電望遠鏡(中國天眼)
貴州省92.5%的面積被丘陵和山地覆蓋,中國政府根據(jù)貴州省的自然條件,大力投資建設(shè)鐵路、高速公路、公路和橋梁,以開發(fā)貴州省的經(jīng)濟潛力。除了煙草種植和白酒生產(chǎn)等傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)外,貴州省還利用其天然磷礦資源生產(chǎn)電動汽車電池。雖然貴州仍是中國相對欠發(fā)達的省份之一,但其經(jīng)濟增長率已躋身全國前三名。
在北京,我和同行者有機會和中華全國婦女聯(lián)合會聯(lián)絡(luò)部的三位代表交流。中華全國婦女聯(lián)合會是一個全國性機構(gòu),縣以上婦聯(lián)團體會員有將近9,000個,致力于中國的男女平等。婦聯(lián)通過向低收入地區(qū)的女童和青年婦女提供獎學金,培訓婦女創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè)來消除貧困,從而促進女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的發(fā)展。婦聯(lián)還與相關(guān)部委合作,為農(nóng)村地區(qū)65歲以上的婦女提供免費體檢。2003年啟動的“母親健康快車”項目,為偏遠地區(qū)的婦女兒童提供醫(yī)療服務(wù),受益人次超過8,000萬人。
▲考察團一行在新疆
我此行的最后一站是位于中國西北部的新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)。新疆與八個鄰國接壤,邊境線長達5,700多公里,歷來是中國通往中亞和歐洲的門戶。新疆是古代絲綢之路的重要交通樞紐,也是當今“一帶一路 ”倡議(BRI)的關(guān)鍵所在。
“一帶一路 ”倡議是中國自2013年以來與非洲、亞洲、拉丁美洲和歐洲的150多個國家合作建設(shè)的洲際基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò),包括公路、鐵路、港口和機場。與國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行的貸款不同,“一帶一路 ”倡議的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目并不與削減教育、醫(yī)療保健和社會服務(wù)方面的公共開支掛鉤,而是促進相關(guān)國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和自主。
新疆占中國國土面積的六分之一。新疆是許多少數(shù)民族的聚居地,具有文化多樣性。新疆2,500多萬居民中有45%是維吾爾族,其他少數(shù)民族包括哈薩克族和回族等。
新疆的宗教自由受法律保護。在這次旅行中,我有幸參觀了喀什的艾提尕爾清真寺,這是新疆最大的清真寺,也是一個美麗的禮拜場所。該清真寺建于15世紀,被列入中國國家級重點文物保護單位名錄。帶我們參觀清真寺的阿訇介紹說,清真寺由國家出資修繕,配備了自來水、電和暖氣。
2017年,新疆政府投資2億多元為新疆伊斯蘭教經(jīng)學院修建了新校區(qū)。2022年,聯(lián)合國前人權(quán)事務(wù)高級專員米歇爾?巴切萊特訪問了新疆地區(qū)和校園。
中國在落實2030年議程的17項可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(SDGs)方面走在世界前列。2020年,新疆300多萬貧困人口全部脫貧。自治區(qū)政府將 70%以上的財政收入用于保障和改善人民生活水平。在南疆和西藏,學生從幼兒園、小學到高中都享受免費教育。而在中國財力較雄厚的發(fā)達地區(qū),只有九年級以下的學生才享受免費教育。
中國有句俗話,百聞不如一見。到中國旅行讓我有機會親眼目睹這個國家,并與歐洲和美國的人們分享我的親身經(jīng)歷。感謝女性媒體組織(Women's Press Collective)建立了一個獨立的新聞媒體,讓我能夠講述我所看到的中國的真相。
▲刊載貝納利博士文章的期刊封面和刊內(nèi)文章
附英文原文:
The China I Saw!
By Natalie Benelli, PhD
In October I traveled to China, visiting first the capital city Beijing, followed by the cities of Shanghai, Guiyang as well as Urumqi and Kashgar in the Xinjiang Uygur Au-tonomous Region. I saw a modern, pro-gressive and rapidly advancing country that invests heavily in poverty alleviation, the protection of the environment and the economic and social development of its least advanced regions, including those inhabited by China’s 56 national minorities. This is markedly different from what is presented in mainstream western media.
Green mega cities
Most of China’s 1.4 billion residents live in the most developed, eastern parts of the country, in cities like Beijing and Shanghai that are home to 20 - 30 mil-lion people. Unlike cities I’ve visited in other parts of the world, both Beijing and Shanghai are not chaotic or noisy. This is due to the significant percentage of electric vehicles and bikes on the street. Also, streets in Beijing and Shanghai are lined with flowerbeds, bushes and trees in various sizes and forms, turning the cities into green spaces and massively improving air quality.
In the last decade, 4.4 billion people voluntarily participated in tree planting nationwide, planting a total of 21,586 billion trees. China’s government is also investing massively in non-fossil renew-able energy sources in the form of wind, hydropower and solar energy.
High-tech infrastructure benefits the people
Through the expansion of its high speed train network, China has made mobility for people and goods very effi-cient. At a maximum speed of 342 km/ hour (212 miles/hour), it took us only 4.5 hours to cover the 1460 km (about 907 miles) from Beijing to Shanghai by high speed train. China’s infrastructure development program also benefits the country’s less advanced regions such as Guizhou Province that is home to the world’s highest bridges and largest radio-telescope.
With 92.5% of the province’s surface covered in hills and mountains, the Chi-nese government has massively invested in the construction of railways, highways, roads and bridges as a way to develop the province’s economic potential in accor-dance with its natural conditions. Besides traditional industries such as tobacco cul-tivation and liquor production, Guizhou province is using its natural phosphate resources for the production of batteries for electric cars. Although still among China’s most underdeveloped provinc-es, Guizhou’s economic growth rate is among the country’s top three.
Promoting women’s rights
In Beijing, my fellow travelers and I had the chance to meet with three rep-resentatives of the international liaisons department of the All-China Women’s Federation, a national body and the world’s largest mass organization that unites 8000 women’s organizations in the fight for equal rights for women and men in China. The Federation promotes female leadership by offering scholar-ships to girls and young women from low-income areas and training women in setting up their own business as a way to end poverty.
The Federation also collaborates with the Department of Interiors to provide free medical exams for women over 65 in rural areas. Mobile clinics provide medical care to pregnant women in remote areas. In the last 15 years, 52,000 women were attended and 8,654 babies were born in mobile clinics in China’s western regions.
China’s door to Europe
The last stop of my trip was the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China’s Northwest. Xinjiang Region shares a 5,700 km (3540 mile) border with eight neighboring countries and has tra-ditionally been China’s door to Central Asia and Europe. It was an import-ant transportation hub for the ancient Silk Road and is key to the present-day Belt-and-Road-Initiative (BRI), an in-tercontinental infrastructure network of roads, railways, ports and airports China has been building since 2013 in cooper-ation with 150 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe. Unlike loans from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, BRI infrastructure projects are not linked to cuts in public spending on education, health care and social services, but instead promote the economic development and self-determi-nation of the countries involved.
Cultural diversity and religious freedom
The Xinjiang Region covers one-sixth of China’s territory. It is home to many national minorities and is culturally di-verse. Forty-five percent of Xinjiang’s 25 million inhabitants are Uygurs; oth-er national minorities are Kazakhs and Mongols. Religious freedom is protect-ed by law in Xinjiang. During the trip, I had the honor to visit the Idkah mosque in Kashgar, the largest mosque in Xin-jiang and a beautiful place of worship. Built in the 15th century, the mosque is on the list of China’s Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the Na-tional Level.
The imam who gave us a tour of the mosque explained that the mosque was renovated with state funds and equipped with running water, electricity and heat-ing. In 2017, the Xinjiang government invested 200 million yuan (27 million USD) in the construction of a new cam-pus for the Xinjiang Islamic Institute. In 2022, former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, visited Xinjiang Region and the campus.
Implementing the SDGs
China is a world leader in implement-ing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. In Xinjiang three million people were lifted out of poverty by 2020 and the regional government invests over 70% of its rev-enue to improve people’s living standard. In southern Xinjiang, one of China’s least developed areas, as well as in Tibet, edu-cation is free for students from elementa-ry school through high school. This is not the case in China’s more developed ar-eas with more financial resources, where school is free only through ninth grade.
Telling the truth about China’s reality
According to a Chinese saying, seeing once is better than hearing a hundred times. Traveling to China has given me the opportunity to see the country with my own eyes and share my first-hand ex-perience with people in Europe and the U.S. Thank you, WPC, for building an independent press that allows me to tell the truth about the China I saw.
原文發(fā)表在Collective Endeavor雜志2024年冬季號,由理論中國網(wǎng)通訊員翻譯,翻譯時對個別數(shù)據(jù)和文字不準確的地方作了校訂。
文字翻譯:鮑傳健
照片提供:考察團成員